Penggunaan dan penempatan adverb&adjektif
Salah satu kesalahan utama yang sering dilakukan oleh mereka yang baru belajar bahasa Inggris adalah penggunaan dan penempatan adjectives dan adverbs.Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh penggunaan yang salah:
* She painted beautiful.
* He's terrible tired.
* He's a typically student.
Adjectives digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau menggambarkan sesuatu. Contoh-contoh adjectives yaitu antara lain: beautiful, tired, typical, old, complete, surprising.
Adjectives dapat digunakan dalam 2 bentuk:
1. Sebelum nouns. Contoh: a beautiful song, a tired face, a typical student.
2. Sebagai bagian komplementari dari sebuah kalimat; setelah is, seems, dan beberapa verb lainnya. Contoh: She's beautiful, she looks tired, his remarks is typical of him.
Verb types
Verbs vary by type, and each type is determined by the kinds of words that follow it and the relationship those words have with the verb itself. There are six types: intransitive, transitive, infinitives, to-be verbs, and two-place transitive (Vg- verb give), and two-place transitive (Vc- verb consider).Intransitive verbs
An instranstif verb is one that does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs may be followed by an adverb (a word that addresses how, where, when, and how often) or end a sentence. For example: "The woman spoke softly." "The athlete ran faster than the official." "The boy wept."Linking verbs
A linking verb cannot be followed by an adverb or end a sentence but instead must be followed by a noun or adjective, whether in a single word or phrase. Common linking verbs include seem, become, appear, look, and remain. For example: "His mother looked worried." "Josh remained a reliable friend." Therefore, linking verbs 'link' the adverb to the subject.Adjectives that come after linking verbs are predicate adjectives, and nouns that come after linking verbs are predicate nouns.
Transitive verbs
A transitive verb is followed by a noun or noun phrase. These noun phrases are not called predicate nouns but are instead called direct objects because they refer to the object that is being acted upon. For example: "My friend read the newspaper." "The teenager earned a speeding ticket."A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence, making it passive. For example: "The newspaper was read by my friend." "A speeding ticket was earned by the teenager."
Two-place transitive: Vg verbs
Vg verbs (named after the verb give) precede either two noun phrases or a noun phrase and then a prepositional phrase often led by to or for. For example: "The players gave their teammates high fives." "The players gave high fives to their teammates."When two noun phrases follow a transitive verb, the first is an indirect object, that which is receiving something, and the second is a direct object, that being acted upon. Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases.
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